Seasonal Foraging Guide
Wild greens, berries, fruit, nuts and mushrooms month by month — where they grow, how to use them, and the look-alikes to watch for.
Best foraging near you right now
What’s in season this month and actually being found within about 50 miles of you.
Your location is rounded to about 7 miles and never saved on our site.
Sightings from iNaturalist research-grade observations. Photos © their photographers via iNaturalist, used under Creative Commons licenses.
Season calendar
Typical seasons for the eastern and central United States. Farther south things come in earlier; farther north and higher up, later.
What to look for
Mushrooms · March–May
Morel mushrooms
Morchella
Where: Woods edges, around dying elms, ash and old apple orchards, once the soil warms to about 50°F.
Look-alikes & cautions: False morels are poisonous. A true morel is completely hollow from tip to stem when sliced lengthwise, and the cap is attached at the bottom. Always cook — never eat raw.
Use: Sauté, fry or dry
Mushrooms · June–September
Chanterelles
Cantharellus
Where: Hardwood forests (oak, beech) on the ground after summer rains.
Look-alikes & cautions: Jack-o’-lantern mushrooms are poisonous: they grow in clusters on wood and have sharp, true gills. Chanterelles grow singly from soil with blunt, forked ridges and pale, stringy flesh inside.
Use: Sauté; freeze after cooking
Mushrooms · June–October
Chicken of the woods
Laetiporus
Where: Bright orange-yellow shelves on living or dead oaks and other hardwoods.
Look-alikes & cautions: Cook thoroughly. Some people react, especially to ones growing on conifers, eucalyptus or locust — try a small amount first. Pick the tender outer edges.
Use: Cook like chicken; freeze after cooking
Mushrooms · September–October
Hen of the woods (maitake)
Grifola frondosa
Where: Clusters at the base of oak trees in early fall, often the same tree every year.
Look-alikes & cautions: Check the underside has tiny pores, not gills. The black-staining polypore looks similar and is edible but tough.
Use: Roast, sauté, dry or freeze
Greens & shoots · March–May
Ramps (wild leeks)
Allium tricoccum
Where: Rich, moist hardwood forests in the East and Midwest.
Look-alikes & cautions: Lily of the valley and false hellebore are poisonous look-alikes — a crushed ramp leaf smells strongly of onion and garlic. Take one leaf per plant and leave the bulb; ramps grow back very slowly.
Use: Fresh, pickled, frozen or dried
Greens & shoots · March–May
Wild onion & wild garlic
Allium canadense
Where: Lawns, fields and open woods in early spring.
Look-alikes & cautions: Death camas looks similar and is deadly but has no onion smell. If it doesn’t smell like onion, don’t eat it.
Use: Use like chives or garlic
Greens & shoots · March–October
Dandelion
Taraxacum
Where: Lawns, fields and roadsides — pick where nothing has been sprayed.
Look-alikes & cautions: True dandelion has one flower on a hollow, leafless stem and toothed, hairless leaves. Look-alikes such as cat’s-ear and chicory are also edible.
Use: Young greens, flowers and roots
Greens & shoots · March–June
Stinging nettle
Urtica dioica
Where: Moist, rich soil along streams and woods edges.
Look-alikes & cautions: Wear gloves. Cooking, blanching or drying removes the sting. Pick the top 4–6 leaves before the plant flowers.
Use: Cooked greens, soup and tea
Greens & shoots · May–September
Lamb’s quarters
Chenopodium album
Where: Gardens, barnyards and disturbed ground.
Look-alikes & cautions: Young leaves have a white, mealy coating underneath. Like spinach it is high in oxalates — eat cooked and in moderation.
Use: Cook like spinach
Greens & shoots · June–September
Purslane
Portulaca oleracea
Where: Gardens, sidewalk cracks and hot, sunny ground.
Look-alikes & cautions: Spotted spurge looks similar but is toxic: it has milky white sap and thin, wiry stems. Purslane has thick, juicy stems and clear sap.
Use: Fresh in salads or pickled
Greens & shoots · March–May, September–November
Chickweed
Stellaria media
Where: Lawns and garden beds in cool weather.
Look-alikes & cautions: Scarlet pimpernel (toxic) looks similar but has orange-red flowers and square stems. Chickweed has white star flowers and a single line of hairs along the stem.
Use: Fresh in salads
Greens & shoots · March–May
Wild violets
Viola sororia
Where: Lawns, shady yards and open woods.
Look-alikes & cautions: Common blue violet leaves and flowers are edible. African violets (houseplants) are not true violets and are not eaten.
Use: Salads, syrup, jelly and tea
Greens & shoots · April–May
Fiddleheads (ostrich fern)
Matteuccia struthiopteris
Where: Stream banks and moist bottomland in the North.
Look-alikes & cautions: Only ostrich fern: smooth stems with a deep U-shaped groove inside and brown papery scales. Bracken and other ferns can be harmful. Always boil 15 minutes or steam 10–12 minutes before eating.
Use: Always cooked
Greens & shoots · April–June
Cattail shoots
Typha
Where: Marshes, ponds and ditches with clean water.
Look-alikes & cautions: Young cattail can be confused with iris, which is poisonous — iris leaves are flat and fan out from the base; cattail has a round base. Avoid polluted water.
Use: Peeled shoots, raw or cooked
Greens & shoots · April–May
Wild asparagus
Asparagus officinalis
Where: Fencerows, ditches and old homesteads — look for last year’s tall feathery stalks.
Look-alikes & cautions: Pick only where roadsides and ditches aren’t sprayed.
Use: Like garden asparagus
Berries · May–June
Wild strawberries
Fragaria virginiana
Where: Sunny fields, meadows and woods edges.
Look-alikes & cautions: Mock strawberry has yellow flowers and bland fruit (not harmful). True wild strawberries have white flowers.
Use: Fresh, jam or frozen
Berries · May–July
Mulberries
Morus
Where: Yard trees, fencerows and woods edges.
Look-alikes & cautions: Unripe berries and leaves can upset the stomach — eat only fully ripe fruit.
Use: Fresh, pies, jam, frozen or dried
Berries · June–August
Blackberries & dewberries
Rubus allegheniensis
Where: Thickets, old fields and fencerows.
Look-alikes & cautions: Aggregate berries like these have few dangerous look-alikes. Watch for thorns, ticks and snakes.
Use: Fresh, jam, canned or frozen
Berries · June–July
Black raspberries
Rubus occidentalis
Where: Woods edges and fencerows.
Look-alikes & cautions: Black raspberries come off the core hollow, like a thimble; blackberries keep their core.
Use: Fresh, jam or frozen
Berries · July–August
Wild blueberries & huckleberries
Vaccinium
Where: Acid soils — pine barrens, hills and mountain balds.
Look-alikes & cautions: Look for the 5-pointed crown on the end of each berry. Avoid berries in clusters with star-shaped flowers (nightshades).
Use: Fresh, canned, frozen or dried
Berries · August–September
Elderberries
Sambucus canadensis
Where: Wet ground, ditches and fencerows; creamy flower heads in June.
Look-alikes & cautions: Raw berries, stems, leaves and unripe fruit are toxic — cook ripe berries and remove every stem. Water hemlock (deadly) and pokeweed grow in the same places; elder is a woody shrub with opposite, compound leaves.
Use: Cooked syrup, jelly and pies
Fruit · July–September
Wild plums
Prunus americana
Where: Thickets along fencerows and field edges.
Look-alikes & cautions: Don’t eat the pits — they contain cyanide-forming compounds.
Use: Jam, canned or dried
Fruit · August–October
Wild grapes & muscadines
Vitis
Where: Climbing over trees and fences along woods edges.
Look-alikes & cautions: Canada moonseed is poisonous: it has one crescent-shaped seed per fruit and no forked tendrils. Wild grapes have pear-shaped seeds and forked tendrils.
Use: Juice, jelly and wine
Fruit · August–October
Pawpaws
Asimina triloba
Where: River bottoms and shady understory in the East and Midwest.
Look-alikes & cautions: Eat only the ripe pulp — skin and seeds are not eaten. A few people get an upset stomach.
Use: Fresh or frozen pulp
Fruit · September–November
Wild persimmons
Diospyros virginiana
Where: Old fields and woods edges in the South and Midwest.
Look-alikes & cautions: Eat only when soft and fully ripe — unripe fruit is painfully astringent.
Use: Pulp for breads and puddings
Fruit · July–September
Staghorn & smooth sumac
Rhus
Where: Fields and roadsides — red, fuzzy, upright berry clusters.
Look-alikes & cautions: Poison sumac has white, drooping berries and grows in swamps — avoid it. Anyone allergic to cashews or mangoes should skip sumac.
Use: Lemony tea and spice
Nuts · September–October
Black walnuts
Juglans nigra
Where: Fields, fencerows and river bottoms.
Look-alikes & cautions: Wear gloves — the husks stain. Hull, wash and cure nuts 2–3 weeks in a dry, airy spot before cracking.
Use: Baking and candy
Nuts · September–October
Hickory nuts
Carya ovata
Where: Upland hardwood forests (shagbark and shellbark are best).
Look-alikes & cautions: Bitternut hickory is too bitter to eat. Cure before cracking.
Use: Baking
Nuts · October–November
Wild pecans
Carya illinoinensis
Where: River bottoms in the South and lower Midwest.
Look-alikes & cautions: Gather soon after they fall, before squirrels do.
Use: Baking and snacking
Nuts · September–November
Acorns
Quercus alba
Where: Under oaks — white oak acorns are the least bitter.
Look-alikes & cautions: All acorns must be leached of tannins (soaked through many changes of water) before eating. Discard ones with holes.
Use: Leached flour and meal
Other · February–March
Maple sap
Acer saccharum
Where: Sugar, black and red maples at least 10 inches across.
Look-alikes & cautions: Tap when days are above freezing and nights below. About 40 gallons of sugar maple sap boil down to 1 gallon of syrup.
Use: Syrup
Learn With Others
The best way to learn wild foods is alongside someone who knows them. Ask for identification help in the Foraging group — post clear photos of every part of the plant or mushroom — and never eat anything on an online ID alone.